Role of the Researcher and Participants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Job of the Researcher and Participants - Essay Example Since this examination utilizes top to bottom talking, the specialist needs to direct the meetings and control polls, while guaranteeing that the data accumulated is important and is of high caliber. In this exploration, the specialist will fill in as the human instrument; along these lines, will be accused of posing examining inquiries, tuning in, and getting into the more profound degrees of the meetings with members (Hammersley, 2010). Prior to information assortment, it is the job of the specialist to pick the exploration populace, including the measures for choice, just as the strategy for the examination. In this exploration consequently, the scientist based the basis for choice of members on the part of their involvement with universal arrangements. Along these lines, the specialist has the job of guaranteeing that solitary those people meeting the measures for choice take part in the examination. This will be basic in guaranteeing that the information gathered is pertinent to the examination subject, and is of high caliber, as the correct members will have the capacity of giving legitimate and significant bits of knowledge into the exploration theme. Another significant job of the specialist during the examination procedure is to guarantee positive relationship with the members, including the representatives of the associations from which a portion of the information will be drawn. It is vital for the scientist to guarantee that the reaction from members is certain. This can predominantly be accomplished by guaranteeing that the connection between the specialist and members is sure. Through this, the members will have an uplifting mentality toward the specialist, and will be obliged to coordinate with the... Job of the Researcher and Participants The specialist and the members are center to any examination procedure. These have various jobs they play, which are significant in guaranteeing the effective finish of the examination procedure. This paper centers around my job as an analyst, including ways that I will receive to guarantee a decent connection with the members and workers, with whom I will communicate during the examination procedure. The planned examination on Indian arrangement styles is subjective in nature, and is likewise a phenomenological study. Inside and out meetings with explicit members and polls will be utilized, so as to acquire their observations on arrangements in India. Besides, the members in this examination incorporate business directors, who have involvement with dealings in India. Then again, the scientist is a prepared individual in the field of Business Management and International Business, and is presently satisfying the necessities for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration. This co ncise foundation about the exploration, the scientist, and the examination members is fundamental, as it helps in deciding the specific situations and jobs of members and the specialist in the examination procedure. Submitted members will keep time during interviews and will display a high enthusiasm for the examination. On the off chance that the analyst and members assume their various jobs in a persevering way, it is no uncertainty that quality information will be gathered, and the examination will be effective.

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Essay

This article has profoundly investigated the significances of instruction. The alternate points of view that the writer of the article has utilized in clarifying the essentialness of instruction has made me to comprehend the honorable piece of training which I however was expanded monetary force. Anyway from the article, I have understood that there are different advantages accumulated to instruction, for example, improved way of life, and furthermore the norm of an individual however they have not been completely depleted in the article. The finishing of tertiary instruction has likewise increment in Organization for Economic Co-activity and Development (OECD) individuals have additionally discovered that there is disparity in monetary winning in the OECD nation individuals with Spain, Luxembourg and Belgium having the most reduced degree of sex imbalance. This anyway doesn't adjust in all nations particularly the creating nations where the degree of joblessness is high. There is elevated level of jobless alumni in the creating nations which deny instruction of its significance. The pay rate in the creating nations don't coordinate with training level because of elevated level of debasement in these nations. It is conceivable to discover a Bachelor qualification holder gaining not exactly a school certificate holder. The instruction in various nations shift in hugeness and in the created nations the individuals appreciate the advantages of training more than the individuals in the creating nations. The articles investigation on sciences and maths score has brought the away from of execution across various nations. Much the same as numerous individuals, I was unable to have envisioned that the United States could be driven by some other nation in the science and innovation division. Incredibly from the articles investigation regarding these matters (Science and Maths), Asian nations take a lead including Singapore, China, South Korea and Japan. It have likewise been noticed that various nations vary fundamentally fair and square of instruction and training accomplishment. The sexual orientation imbalance in gaining is noticeable in the creating nations which the article ought to have centered. The article did exclude African states in the investigation with the exception of in the science and math execution. I feel that the article required a greater amount of correlation on training in Africa with the primary world nations which could have realized an away from of instruction in the two incongruities. The article could have examined about the future possibility of training on the planet. With the improved innovation, various people from various nations can obtain all inclusive training and henceforth odds of work increment. The degree of rivalry in training is likewise prone to go higher as youngsters at a lower age are being presented to innovation, for example, the web. The article need accordingly to address the eventual fate of training in the globe. The advantages of instruction are more extensive than the article is expressing. Instruction assumes a significant job in the preservation of the earth. The degree of instruction decides the ones degree of ecological cognizance. With the danger of a worldwide temperature alteration, training through making mindfulness and giving answers for the issue can have any kind of effect.

The 2 Primary Symptoms of OCD

The 2 Primary Symptoms of OCD OCD Symptoms and Diagnosis Print The Basics of OCD The Basics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Explained By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 15, 2019 mother image / Getty Images More in OCD Symptoms and Diagnosis Causes Treatment Types Living With OCD Related Conditions Youve probably heard people jokingly proclaim themselves OCD as they straighten an askew picture on the wall or wipe their shopping cart handle down with antibacterial wipes, but are they just perfectionists or do they really have OCD? How common is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)? What factors lead to a diagnosis?   What Is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder? Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by two core symptomsâ€"obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are thoughts, images, or ideas that wont go away, are unwanted, and cause extreme distress. For example, you might worry constantly about becoming contaminated with a deadly disease; that you will do something terrible, like scream out an obscenity at a funeral; or that something horrible will happen to a loved one. Other common obsessions include repeated doubts, such as believing you may hit someone with your car; a need for order; aggressive or disturbing ideas such as thoughts of murdering your partner or child; and disturbing sexual and religious imagery. Compulsions are behaviors that you feel you must carry out over and over. For instance, if youre obsessed with contamination, you might wash your hands over and over again. Other common compulsions include cleaning, counting, checking, requesting or demanding reassurance, and ensuring order and symmetry. Diagnosis of OCD OCD cannot be  diagnosed  using a blood test, though a blood test may be used to rule out physical problems that could be causing symptoms.OCD is ultimately diagnosed based on the frequency, severity, and nature of  symptoms  using the clinical judgment of  qualified mental health professionals. Obsessions and compulsions are usually continual and long-lasting and may negatively affect relationships, work, school, and other areas of life. People with OCD may spend an hour or more a day either thinking about their obsession or engaging in behaviors that temporarily relieve the anxiety caused by their obsession, (i.e., scrubbing their hands until theyre raw because they feel dirty). However, it is possible to have only the obsessions or only the compulsions and still be diagnosed with OCD. The key component of a diagnosis is that the OCD is interfering with your quality of life. Causes of OCD OCD affects about 1.2% of adults and is sometimes diagnosed in childhood. There is no difference in the rate of OCD among men and women. People of all cultures and ethnicity are affected. No one knows exactly what causes obsessive-compulsive disorder, though there is evidence of a genetic component. If a parent, sibling, or child is diagnosed with OCD, there is a higher risk of developing the disorder, especially if the relative was diagnosed as a child or teenager. There is also evidence that certain parts of the brain simply do not function correctly. Research on genetics and brain abnormalities is ongoing.   Treatment of OCD OCD is not curable, but it responds to treatment with medication, particularly a class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), as well as psychotherapy. Exposure therapy may be particularly helpful to people whose OCD significantly impacts their quality of life. Many people with OCD find that they get the best result by combining medical and psychological treatment. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

How to Make Bromocresol Green Indicator

Bromocresol green (BCG) is a triphenylmethane dye that is used as a pH indicator for titration, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, and microbiological growth media. Its chemical formula is C21H14Br4O5S. The aqueous indicator is yellow below pH 3.8 and blue above pH 5.4. This is the recipe for bromocresol green pH indicator solution. Key Takeaways: Bromocresol Green Indicator Recipe Bromocresol green is a pH indicator that is yellow below pH 3.8 and blue over pH 5.4. Between pH 3.8 and 5.4 it is green.The indicator is made from bromocresol green powder dissolved in ethanol.Bromocresol green is most often used for electrophoresis, titration, and in microbial growth media. Bromocresol Green pH Indicator Ingredients 0.1 g of bromocresol greenethyl alcohol Prepare the Bromocresol Green Solution 0.1% in alcohol Dissolve 0.1 g of bromocresol green in 75 mL of ethyl alcohol.Dilute the solution with ethyl alcohol to make 100 ml. 0.04% aqueous Dissolve 0.04 g of bromocresol green in 50 mL of deionized water.Dilute the solution with water to make 100 ml. While bromocresol green is usually dissolved in ethanol or water, the dye is also soluble in benzene and diethyl ether. Safety Information Contact with bromocresol green powder or indicator solution may cause irritation. Contact with skin and mucous membranes should be avoided. Sources Kolthoff, I.M. (1959). Treatise on Analytical Chemistry. Interscience Encyclopedia, Inc. New York.Sabnis, R. W. (2008).  Handbook of Acid-Base Indicators. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

My Cousin Is A Timid And Unsocial Girl - 1576 Words

ï  µ Refuses to Talk to Other People My cousin is a timid and unsocial girl. When she transferred to a new school, she rarely communicated with her classmates and therefore, did not have any new friends. Research has found that students involved in bullying are at greater risk for a number of mental health problems such as increased feelings of loneliness, a loss of self-esteem, and difficulties making friends or maintaining relationships with classmate (2001). When she suffered from extreme anxiety and panic attacks over the past few periods, she barricaded herself and refused to talk to other people, even her parents. ï  µ Afraid to Go to School Due to my cousin being a new student, she is not too familiar with her new environment and finds†¦show more content†¦Figure 1shows that students report lower academic achievement levels are more likely to be involved in bullying. Figure 1: Linkages between academic achievement and involvement in bullying (http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/hp-ps/dca-dea/publications/yjc/ch5_113_118-eng.php) Recommendations of preventing school bullying In order to build up a safe environment where my cousin can thrive socially and academically; the school should take the following actions to address bullying. ïÆ' ¼ Establish Firm Policy to Stop Bullying Behavior Schools are responsible for keeping students safe. The school should develop a policy on bullying and aggressive or violent behavior. ( Rigby, K. 2001) Include both the rules and expectations and the consequences for breaking the rules. Make sure that all students, their parents and guardians, and community members are aware of the policy. Review the policy on a regular basis to make sure it is relevant. ïÆ' ¼ Provide Adequate Monitoring in Bully-prone Areas Bullying occurs everywhere: in home, high schools and in the workplace. (Olweus,1995). Teachers and administrators need to be aware that bullying generally happens in school areas. Figure 2 shows that the classroom; bathroom hallways and playground are three main bully-prone areas. If a teacher observes bullying in a classroom, he or she needs to immediately

Metabolism Free Essays

The life support activity of even the most structurally simple organism involves a large number of complex biochemical reactions. Most, although not all, of the biochemical processes of bacteria also occur in eukaryotic microbes and in the cells of multicellular organisms, including humans. However, the reactions that are unique to bacteria are fascinating because they allow microorganisms to do things we cannot do (Neidhardt Holde, 1990). We will write a custom essay sample on Metabolism or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, some bacteria (the chemoautotrophs) can grow on diets of such inorganic substances as carbon dioxide, iron, sulfur, hydrogen gas, and ammonia. This paper examines some representative chemical reactions that either produce energy (the catabolic reactions) or use energy (the anabolic reactions) in microorganisms. We will also look at how these various reactions are integrated within the cell. II. Discussion A. Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions We use the term metabolism to refer to the sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism. Because chemical reactions either release or require energy, metabolism can be viewed as an energy-balancing act. Accordingly, metabolism can be divided into two classes of chemical reactions—those that release energy and those that require energy. In living cells, the chemical reactions that release energy are generally the ones involved in catabolism, the breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones. These reactions are called catabolic, or degradative, reactions. On the other hand, the energy-requiring reactions are mostly involved in anabolism, the building of complex organic molecules from simpler ones. These reactions are called anabolic or biosynthetic reactions (Neidhardt Holde, 1990). Anabolic processes often involve dehydration synthesis reactions (reactions that release water) and require energy to form a new chemical bonds. Examples of anabolic processes are the formation of proteins from amino acids, nucleic acids from nucleotides, and polysaccharides from simple sugars. These biosynthetic reactions generate the materials for cell growth. Catabolic reactions are generally hydrolytic reactions (reactions that use water to break chemical bonds). Chemical bonds store energy; when they are broken, chemical energy is released. An example of catabolism occurs when cells break down sugars into carbon dioxide and water. Catabolic reactions furnish the energy needed to drive anabolic reactions. This coupling of energy-requiring and energy-releasing reactions is made possible through the molecule adenosime triphospahte (ATP). ATP stores energy derived from catabolic reactions and releases it later to drive anabolic reactions and perform other cellular work. A molecule of ATP consists of an adenine, a ribose, and three phosphate groups. When the terminal phosphate group is split from ATP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is formed, and energy is released to drive anabolic reactions. Using P to represent a phosphate group, we can write this reaction as (ATP— ADP + P + energy). Then, the energy from catabolic reactions is used to combine ADP and a P to resynthesize ATP (ADP + P + energy— ATP). Thus, anabolic reactions are coupled to ATP breakdown, and catabolic reactions are coupled to ATP synthesis. This concept of coupled reactions is very important. For now, you should know that the chemical composition of a living cell is constantly changing; some molecules are being broken down while others are being synthesized. This balanced flow of chemicals and energy maintains the life of a cell (â€Å"Metabolism; What is it exactly and how fast or slow should it be?†). B. Enzymes Chemical reactions occur when chemical bonds are formed or broken. In order for reactions to take place, atoms, ions, or molecules must collide. Whether a collision produces a reaction depends on the speed of the particles, the amount of energy required to trigger the reaction (called activation energy), and the specific configuration of the particles. The physiological temperature and pressure of organisms are too low for chemical reactions to occur quickly enough to maintain the life of the organism. Raising the temperature and pressure and the number of reacting molecules can increase the frequency of collisions and the rate of chemical reactions. However, such changes could damage or kill the organism. The living cell’s solution to this problem is a class of proteins called enzymes. Enzymes can speed up chemical reactions in several ways. For example, an enzyme may bring two reactant molecules close together and may properly orient them to react. Whatever the method, the result is that the enzyme lowers the activation energy for the reaction without increasing the temperature or pressure inside the cell (â€Å"Immobilized Enzymes Can Check Bioterrorism, 2003). Substances that can speed up a chemical reaction without themselves being altered are called catalysts. In living cells, enzymes serve as biological catalysts. As catalysts, enzymes are specific. Each acts on specific substance, called the enzyme’s substrate (or substrates when there are two or more reactants), and each catalyzes only one reaction. For example, sucrose (table sugar) is the substrate of the enzyme sucrase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose. The specificity of enzymes is made possible by their structures. Enzymes are generally globular proteins that range in molecular weight from about 10,000 to several million. Each of the thousands of known enzymes has a characteristics three-dimensional shape with a specific surface configuration as a result of its primary, secondary, and tertiary structures. The unique configuration of each enzyme enables it to â€Å"find† the correct substrate from among the large number of diverse molecules in the cell (â€Å"Immobilized Enzymes Can Check Bioterrorism, 2003). C. Factors Influencing Enzymatic Activity Several factors influence the activity of enzyme. Among the more important are temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and inhibitors.   a.) Temperature The rate of most chemical reactions increases as the temperature increases. Molecules move more slowly at low than at higher temperatures and may not have enough energy to cause a chemical reaction. For enzymatic reactions, however, elevation beyond a certain temperature drastically reduces the rate of reaction. This decrease is due to the enzyme’s denaturation, the loss of its characteristics three-dimensional structure (tertiary configuration). Denaturation of a protein involves breakage of hydrogen bonds and other noncovalent bonds (Neidhardt Holde, 1990). b.) pH Most enzymes have a pH optimum at which their activity is characteristically maximal. Above or below this pH value, enzyme activity, and therefore the reaction rate, declines. When the H+ concentration (pH) in the medium is changed, many of the enzyme’s amino acids are affected and the protein’s three-dimensional structure is altered. Extreme changes in pH can cause denaturation (Neidhardt Holde, 1990). c.) Substrate Concentration There is a maximum rate at which a certain amount of enzymes can catalyze a specific reaction. Only when the concentration of substrate(s) is extremely high can this maximum rate be attained. Under conditions of high substrate concentration, the enzyme is said to be saturated; that is, its active site is always occupied by substrate or product molecules. In this condition, a further increase in substrate concentration will not affect the reaction rate because all active sites are already in used. If a substrate’s concentration exceeds a cell’s saturation level for a particular enzyme, the rate of reaction can be increased only if the cell produces additional enzyme molecules (Neidhardt Holde, 1990). However, under normal cellular conditions, enzymes are not saturated with substrate (s). At any given time, many of the enzyme molecules are inactive for lack of substrate; thus, the rate of reaction is likely to be influenced by the substrate concentration. d.) Inhibitors An effective way to control the growth of bacteria is to control their enzymes. Certain poisons, such as cyanide, arsenic, and mercury, combine with enzymes and prevent them from functioning. As a result, the cells stop functioning and die. Enzyme inhibitors are classified according to their mechanism of action as competitive inhibitors and noncompetitive inhibitors. Competitive inhibitors fill the active site of an enzyme and compete with the normal substrate for the active site. The competitive inhibitor is able to do this because its shape and chemical structure are similar to those of the normal substrate. Noncompetitive inhibitors do not compete with the substrate for the enzyme’s active site; instead they interact with another part of the enzyme. In this process, called allosteric (â€Å"other space†) inhibition, an enzyme’s activity is reduced because of a change in shape caused by binding of an inhibitor at a site rather than substrate’s binding site. The change in shape can be either reversible or irreversible (Neidhardt Holde, 1990). III. Conclusion In conclusion, the sum of all chemical within a living organism is known as metabolism. Catabolism refers to chemical reactions that result in the breakdown of more complex organic molecules into simpler substances. Catabolic reactions usually release energy. Anabolism refers to chemical reactions in which simpler substances are combined to form more complex molecules. Anabolic reactions usually require energy. The energy of catabolic reaction is used to drive anabolic reactions. The energy for chemical reactions is stores in ATP. Moreover, the enzymes are proteins produced by living cells that catalyze chemical reactions. They are generally globular proteins with characteristic three-dimensional shapes. Reference: Neidhardt, F.C. and K.E. van Holde. Biochemistry. Redwood City, Calif: Benjamin/Cummings, 1990. A biochemistry test with chapters on metabolic pathways of energy production and biosynthesis. â€Å"Metabolism; What Is It Exactly and How Fast or Slow Should It Be?† The Washington Times, January 31, 2006. â€Å"Immobilized Enzymes Can Check Bioterrorism.† USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education), Vol. 131, June 2003 How to cite Metabolism, Essay examples Metabolism Free Essays Now that you are familiar with the structure of prokaryotic cells, we can discuss the activities that allow these microbes to thrive. The life support activity of even the most structurally simple organism involves a large number of complex biochemical reactions. Most, although not all, of the biochemical processes of bacteria also occur in eukaryotic microbes and in the cells of multicellular organisms, including humans. We will write a custom essay sample on Metabolism or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the reactions that are unique to bacteria are fascinating because they allow microorganisms to do things we cannot do (Neidhardt Holde, 1990). For example, some bacteria (the chemoautotrophs) can grow on diets of such inorganic substances as carbon dioxide, iron, sulfur, hydrogen gas, and ammonia. This paper examines some representative chemical reactions that either produce energy (the catabolic reactions) or use energy (the anabolic reactions) in microorganisms. We will also look at how these various reactions are integrated within the cell. II. Discussion A. Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions We use the term metabolism to refer to the sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism. Because chemical reactions either release or require energy, metabolism can be viewed as an energy-balancing act. Accordingly, metabolism can be divided into two classes of chemical reactions—those that release energy and those that require energy. In living cells, the chemical reactions that release energy are generally the ones involved in catabolism, the breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones. These reactions are called catabolic, or degradative, reactions. On the other hand, the energy-requiring reactions are mostly involved in anabolism, the building of complex organic molecules from simpler ones. These reactions are called anabolic or biosynthetic reactions (Neidhardt Holde, 1990). Anabolic processes often involve dehydration synthesis reactions (reactions that release water) and require energy to form a new chemical bonds. Examples of anabolic processes are the formation of proteins from amino acids, nucleic acids from nucleotides, and polysaccharides from simple sugars. These biosynthetic reactions generate the materials for cell growth. Catabolic reactions are generally hydrolytic reactions (reactions that use water to break chemical bonds). Chemical bonds store energy; when they are broken, chemical energy is released. An example of catabolism occurs when cells break down sugars into carbon dioxide and water. Catabolic reactions furnish the energy needed to drive anabolic reactions. This coupling of energy-requiring and energy-releasing reactions is made possible through the molecule adenosime triphospahte (ATP). ATP stores energy derived from catabolic reactions and releases it later to drive anabolic reactions and perform other cellular work. A molecule of ATP consists of an adenine, a ribose, and three phosphate groups. When the terminal phosphate group is split from ATP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is formed, and energy is released to drive anabolic reactions. Using P to represent a phosphate group, we can write this reaction as (ATP— ADP + P + energy). Then, the energy from catabolic reactions is used to combine ADP and a P to resynthesize ATP (ADP + P + energy— ATP). Thus, anabolic reactions are coupled to ATP breakdown, and catabolic reactions are coupled to ATP synthesis. This concept of coupled reactions is very important. For now, you should know that the chemical composition of a living cell is constantly changing; some molecules are being broken down while others are being synthesized. This balanced flow of chemicals and energy maintains the life of a cell (â€Å"Metabolism; What is it exactly and how fast or slow should it be?†). B. Enzymes Chemical reactions occur when chemical bonds are formed or broken. In order for reactions to take place, atoms, ions, or molecules must collide. Whether a collision produces a reaction depends on the speed of the particles, the amount of energy required to trigger the reaction (called activation energy), and the specific configuration of the particles. The physiological temperature and pressure of organisms are too low for chemical reactions to occur quickly enough to maintain the life of the organism. Raising the temperature and pressure and the number of reacting molecules can increase the frequency of collisions and the rate of chemical reactions. However, such changes could damage or kill the organism. The living cell’s solution to this problem is a class of proteins called enzymes. Enzymes can speed up chemical reactions in several ways. For example, an enzyme may bring two reactant molecules close together and may properly orient them to react. Whatever the method, the result is that the enzyme lowers the activation energy for the reaction without increasing the temperature or pressure inside the cell (â€Å"Immobilized Enzymes Can Check Bioterrorism, 2003). Substances that can speed up a chemical reaction without themselves being altered are called catalysts. In living cells, enzymes serve as biological catalysts. As catalysts, enzymes are specific. Each acts on specific substance, called the enzyme’s substrate (or substrates when there are two or more reactants), and each catalyzes only one reaction. For example, sucrose (table sugar) is the substrate of the enzyme sucrase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose. The specificity of enzymes is made possible by their structures. Enzymes are generally globular proteins that range in molecular weight from about 10,000 to several million. Each of the thousands of known enzymes has a characteristics three-dimensional shape with a specific surface configuration as a result of its primary, secondary, and tertiary structures. The unique configuration of each enzyme enables it to â€Å"find† the correct substrate from among the large number of diverse molecules in the cell (â€Å"Immobilized Enzymes Can Check Bioterrorism, 2003). C. Factors Influencing Enzymatic Activity Several factors influence the activity of enzyme. Among the more important are temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and inhibitors. a.) Temperature The rate of most chemical reactions increases as the temperature increases. Molecules move more slowly at low than at higher temperatures and may not have enough energy to cause a chemical reaction. For enzymatic reactions, however, elevation beyond a certain temperature drastically reduces the rate of reaction. This decrease is due to the enzyme’s denaturation, the loss of its characteristics three-dimensional structure (tertiary configuration). Denaturation of a protein involves breakage of hydrogen bonds and other noncovalent bonds (Neidhardt Holde, 1990). Most enzymes have a pH optimum at which their activity is characteristically maximal. Above or below this pH value, enzyme activity, and therefore the reaction rate, declines. When the H+ concentration (pH) in the medium is changed, many of the enzyme’s amino acids are affected and the protein’s three-dimensional structure is altered. Extreme changes in pH can cause denaturation (Neidhardt Holde, 1990). Substrate Concentration There is a maximum rate at which a certain amount of enzymes can catalyze a specific reaction. Only when the concentration of substrate(s) is extremely high can this maximum rate be attained. Under conditions of high substrate concentration, the enzyme is said to be saturated; that is, its active site is always occupied by substrate or product molecules. In this condition, a further increase in substrate concentration will not affect the reaction rate because all active sites are already in used. If a substrate’s concentration exceeds a cell’s saturation level for a particular enzyme, the rate of reaction can be increased only if the cell produces additional enzyme molecules (Neidhardt Holde, 1990). However, under normal cellular conditions, enzymes are not saturated with substrate (s). At any given time, many of the enzyme molecules are inactive for lack of substrate; thus, the rate of reaction is likely to be influenced by the substrate concentration. Inhibitors An effective way to control the growth of bacteria is to control their enzymes. Certain poisons, such as cyanide, arsenic, and mercury, combine with enzymes and prevent them from functioning. As a result, the cells stop functioning and die. Enzyme inhibitors are classified according to their mechanism of action as competitive inhibitors and noncompetitive inhibitors. Competitive inhibitors fill the active site of an enzyme and compete with the normal substrate for the active site. The competitive inhibitor is able to do this because its shape and chemical structure are similar to those of the normal substrate. Noncompetitive inhibitors do not compete with the substrate for the enzyme’s active site; instead they interact with another part of the enzyme. In this process, called allosteric (â€Å"other space†) inhibition, an enzyme’s activity is reduced because of a change in shape caused by binding of an inhibitor at a site rather than substrate’s binding site. The change in shape can be either reversible or irreversible (Neidhardt Holde, 1990). III. Conclusion In conclusion, the sum of all chemical within a living organism is known as metabolism. Catabolism refers to chemical reactions that result in the breakdown of more complex organic molecules into simpler substances. Catabolic reactions usually release energy. Anabolism refers to chemical reactions in which simpler substances are combined to form more complex molecules. Anabolic reactions usually require energy. The energy of catabolic reaction is used to drive anabolic reactions. The energy for chemical reactions is stores in ATP. Moreover, the enzymes are proteins produced by living cells that catalyze chemical reactions. They are generally globular proteins with characteristic three-dimensional shapes. Reference: Neidhardt, F.C. and K.E. van Holde. Biochemistry. Redwood City, Calif: Benjamin/Cummings, 1990. A biochemistry test with chapters on metabolic pathways of energy production and biosynthesis. â€Å"Metabolism; What Is It Exactly and How Fast or Slow Should It Be?† The Washington Times, January 31, 2006. â€Å"Immobilized Enzymes Can Check Bioterrorism.† USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education), Vol. 131, June 2003 How to cite Metabolism, Essay examples

Securitization Pros free essay sample

The introduction of financial sector reforms in India has led to innovations in financial markets and instruments. One of the most prominent developments in the international finance in recent times that is likely to assume even greater importance in future is ‘securitisation’. Securitisation is the process of pooling and re-packaging of homogenous illiquid loans into marketable securities. Increased pressure on operating efficiency, on market niches, on competitive advantages, and on capital strength, all provide fuel for rapid changes. Securitisation is one of the solutions to these challenges. 2. Reserve Bank of India, as a facilitator, has attempted to explore the intricacies of securitisation as a process of financial engineering and its applicability to the Indian financial system especially in the mortgage and infrastructure sectors. The in-house Working Group constituted by the Bank had the benefit of presentations of and interaction with market intermediaries, regulators, industry experts and international agencies on various aspects associated with securitisation. We will write a custom essay sample on Securitization Pros or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. The report defines asset securitisation and makes a reference to future flow securitisation. Motivation and benefits in the form of capital relief, improvement in return on equity and return on assets, use as a strategic tool, asset liability management, improved liquidity, upgradation in system, Originator discipline, etc. have been highlighted. 4. Various impediments viz. , lack of investors’ base, capital market infrastructure, regulatory framework, legal provisions, accounting and taxation issues besides good quality assets, past data and standardisation of documents have been identified. In the process of exploring opportunities in India, the ideal conditions for success of securitisation in USA and other countries are highlighted. 5. Experience of securitisation in a few developed countries (USA, Japan, Australia, etc. ) and emerging markets like Thailand, Argentina and Morocco has been discussed in detail. The report also identifies securitisation of impaired assets. 6. The disclosure norms and rating will provide touchstones. The Offer Document should give rating rationale which should seek to comment on the quality of the receivables, payment structures, adequacy of the credit enhancement, risks and concerns for investors and the mitigating factors, etc. Rating agencies have already acquired a fair degree of expertise in India through rating of structured obligations and other issues that are quite similar to securitisation. 7. True sale characteristics of securitisation transactions are required to be reflected in the books of accounts, statements to be furnished to the concerned regulators as also to the tax authorities. Since there are no guidelines for accounting treatment of these transactions, the accounting procedures with appropriate guidelines need to be framed by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India for the sake of uniformity. A background paper has been prepared in this regard and attached to this report which may serve as a guide in the interregnum. The background paper includes a few illustrations for the guidance of the financial entities. 8. The role of various regulators (RBI, SEBI, etc. ) and other agencies / entities has also been discussed. 9. The recommendations have been categorised into short-term, medium-term and longterm with definite timeframe in each category. The major recommendations on legal issues (short-term) are incorporated in Chapter 9. These include: i) Defining securitisation in the Transfer of Property Act to lend uniformity of approach and restrict the benefits provided by law/regulation for genuine securitisation transactions. ii) Rationalisation of stamp duty to make it uniform at 0. 1 per cent for all securitisation transactions. Attempts may be made to bring the subject under the purview of Indian Stamps Act 1889 from the State Stamp Acts. ii) Reduction of registration charges by amending Section 17(2) of the Registration Act. iv) Inclusion of securitised instruments in Securities Contract Regulation Act. v) SEBI may consider removal of prohibition on investment in mortgage backed securities by Mutual Fund Schemes. vi) Tax neutrality of Special Purpose Vehicle. Recommendations for tax reforms also in clude the spread of upfront income received by Originator over the tenure of the loan securitised, extension of benefits under Section 88 of Income Tax Act for repayment of housing loans after the loans have been securitised etc. 10. Other recommendations are summarised below: i) The most significant impact of securitisation arises from the placement of different risks and rights of an asset with the most efficient owner. The training institutes of the financial institutions should attempt to spread awareness of the benefits and scope of securitisation increasingly among financial community. ii) Spell out the risk weights and NPA norms on securitised paper. Insurance Companies and Provident Funds need to be encouraged to invest in the securitised paper. Besides, suitable regulatory framework may have to be evolved to encourage Foreign Institutional Investors. ii) Listing requirements for various securities to be issued may be stipulated which may include minimum issue size, eligible stock exchanges etc. iv) Include the securitised paper in demat trading. v) While identifying the key characteristics of special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) to keep the structure â€Å"remote† from the bankruptcy of the Originator, t he Group recommends flexibility in the structure of SPV. SEBI may formulate detailed guidelines in this regard. vi) Accounting treatment should enable the ‘off balance sheet’ effect for securitised assets. Such treatment for future flow securitisation, credit enhancer etc. has been clarified. A Research Committee of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India is already working on minute details of accounting treatment. vii) Adequate disclosure norms are recommended for an ‘informed† decision by the investor. A model Offer document has been attempted by the Group to give information on description of assets, historical performance, end use of funds, transaction structure, and statement of risk factors. The Group also recommends continuous disclosures. iii) The report has suggested prudential guidelines for banks, developmental financial institutions, non-banking finance companies, etc. including broad creteria for true sale. Model prudential guidelines have been prepared which incorporate issues such as off balance sheet treatment, credit enhancement, servicing, etc. ix) Medium term measures include increased flow of information thorough credit bureaus, standardisation of documents, improvement in the quality of assets, upgradation of computer skills and exploration of the possibilities of securitising non-performing assets.

alien essays

alien essays The other night I was takin the trash out. I heard ol' Bessie, my cow carryin on like there was a snake in her pin. I ran over and I said "Bessie, you best hush up!" That's when I seen it. It was a round hunk of metal flyin through the sky. At first I thought it was the top of my grain bin. That's where I've been keepin my manure that I use on m'gardern. I thought to myself "Oh Boy! Someone's done thrown a match in there. That's when this little green light shot right down from it and burn up my okra patch. All of a sudden where that little green light was, these creatures walked out. I ran in and got my When I came back out, they said sumpthin like "Take me to your leader." I told `em "I don't know much about takin' you to my leader but they're fixin to meet their maker if they didn't get on out of here. Then they made the ugliest fact at me and started talkin Japanese back and forth at each other. All of a sudden I heard Bessie again, but when I looked over, they zapped that poor ol' cow up to their hunk of metal spacecraft. I told `em they better put her back or I was gonna call the UFO sightings hotline on them like I did on all of their friends. I said " I know about all of your tests you run on them poor animals like Bessie cause I've been watchin' the X-Files on my big 10 inch black and white TV." Then they started gibbering back and forth again and I'll be dang if they didn't zap my old John Deere up on that ship too. That's when I got really mad. I think they understood English too cause when I told em what I thought of that spaceship, they started shootin' that laser gun at me. I said "Yowweee!!!" Then I took off runnin' up the hill. I guess they must've realized how big my shotgun was cause they got back in their ship and took off for the sky. Everything's been pretty normal since then, except my wife, Bell, got meaner `cause I make her pull t...

Public Schools Where 75% of Students Score 10-15 on ACT

Public Schools Where 75% of Students Score 10-15 on ACT When youre considering to which public college or university to apply, sometimes its helpful to browse through schools who have students scoring similarly on the ACT as you did. If your ACT scores are completely lower or higher than 75% of the students who were accepted to a particular school, perhaps youd be better off searching for a school where students are more in your range, although exceptions are certainly made all the time. This is a list of colleges and universities where 75% of the accepted students scored above or at a 10 – 15 composite score on the ACT. What does this mean? The following public schools are accepting students who are scoring well below the national average on the ACT, which is a 21. If you have scored between a 10 – 15 on the ACT, then all is not lost! Perhaps one of these public universities would be a good fit! Please keep in mind that this list is for the composite ACT score – youll see ACT scores a bit lower or higher on particular sections (English, Mathematics, Reading, Science Reasoning), but the composite scores are always between 10 – 15. Remember that the 25th percentile score reflects what 75% of students have earned who were admitted. The 75th percentile score reflects what 25% of students have earned who were admitted. Typically, youll see higher scores in the latter category. More ACT Score Information How to Understand Score PercentilesWhats a Good ACT Score?Average National ACT ScoresACT Scoring 101: Scaled Vs. RawI Think I Got a Bad ACT Score - Now What? Public Universities Where 75% of Students Score a 10 15 on the ACT 1. Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College Tifton, GeorgiaWebsite: abac.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1375th Percentile: 17 2. Alabama State University Montgomery, Alabama Website: www.alasu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 3. California State University Dominguez Hills Carson, CaliforniaWebsite: csudh.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 4. California State University Los Angeles Los Angeles, California Website: calstatela.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 20 5. Central State University Wilberforce, OhioWebsite: centralstate.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 18 6. Fayetteville State University Fayetteville, North CarolinaWebsite: uncfsu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 7. Grambling State University Grambling, LouisianaWebsite: gram.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 19 8. Kentucky State University Frankfort, KentuckyWebsite: kysu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 9. Lyndon State College Lyndonville, VermontWebsite: lyndonstate.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 22 10. Mississippi Valley State University Itta Benna, MississippiWebsite: mvsu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 11. New Jersey City University Jersey City, New JerseyWebsite: njcu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 17 12. North Carolina Central University Durham, North CarolinaWebsite: nccu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 13. Pennsylvania State University Dubois Dubois, PennsylvaniaWebsite: www.dubois.psu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 22 14. Prairie View A M University Prairie View, TexasWebsite: pvamu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 15. South Carolina State University Orangeburg, South CarolinaWebsite: scsu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 18 16. Southwest Tennessee Community College Mephis, TennesseeWebsite: southwest.tn.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 18 17. Sul Ross State University Alpine, TexasWebsite: sulross.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 21 18. Texas Southern University Houston, TexasWebsite: tsu.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 19 19. University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Pine Bluff, ArkansasWebsite: uapb.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 19 20. University of Main at Machias Machias, MaineWebsite: umm.maine.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 25 21. University of South Carolina - Lancaster Lancaster, South CarolinaWebsite: usclancaster.sc.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1575th Percentile: 20 22. University of South Carolina - Salkehatchie Allendale, South CarolinaWebsite: uscsalkehatchie.sc.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1475th Percentile: 19 23. University of South Carolina - Union Union, South CarolinaWebsite: uscunion.sc.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1375th Percentile: 17 24. University of the Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie, Virgin IslandsWebsite: uvi.edu ACT Composite: 25th Percentile: 1375th Percentile: 17

Nursing curricullum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing curricullum - Essay Example Despite there being a clear significance of the learning process to every person’s development, health, functioning, the well-being and health, debate about how learning takes place, the experiences that deem to hinder or facilitate learning, and the key elements that ensures learning becomes relatively vital has never ceased. Arguably, one such crucial elements pertains a learning theory. A learning theory is the coherent framework of some integrated principles and constructs that can be used for describing predicting or explaining how individuals learn. Education psychology has provided alternative theories alongside perspectives concerning how the process of learning takes place. The curriculum for the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN's), has adopted a number of learning theories that have evidently been useful at boosting the training, as well as the learning processes of its staff (Fitzpatrick, & Whall, 2005).. ... They are more significant in influencing the pedagogical practice. More often than not, behaviourists tend to be of a view that all behaviour, no matter their complexity can easily be reduced to simple stimulus response association. In essence, behaviourists are emphasize on the measurable outcomes rather than imaginary thoughts and feelings (introspective processes). Ivan Pavlov, while conducting an experimental research with dogs, found out that dogs tend to salivate whenever the laboratory technician enters the room (McKenna, & Slevin, 2008). Research conducted over the same revealed that dogs had made the association between stimulus (food) and the technicians (neutral stimulus) thereby leading to the dog’s drooling response. This theory was termed as Pavlovian conditioning and was further developed by Watson who further demonstrated the classical conditioning among humans with the use of the young boys called Little Peter and Little Albert (McKenna & Slevin, 2008). Extend ing on this theory, Skinner used this theory to provide an explanation of the more complex forms of learning. Skinner believed that it was possible to utilize principles underpinning animal experimentation with children and infants. He went ahead coining the terminology Operant conditioning in explaining the influence negative and positive reinforcers have upon maintaining and shaping the behaviour of a child. The AACNs have adopted the Skinner’s theory as used in reward and punishment systems used by teachers in shaping and maintaining the behaviour of pupils. Praise, star charts, positive feedback, alongside circle time are crucial examples of the commonly used positive reinforcers, while

Peer Review of Section 1 of the Policy Change Proposal Week 3 Assignment

Peer Review of Section 1 of the Policy Change Proposal Week 3 - Assignment Example This is so since veterans have been suffering from health complications such as Post Traumatic stress years after their service to the country (Tick 2005). Currently the healthcare model being used by the United States of America does not provide for children between 5 to 20 years (Roth 2010). One issue that stands out from such a model is when dealing with diabetes in children from that age group. Diabetes, despite being hereditary can be prolonged or managed better if it is detected early enough (Hanas 2010). It is crucial for the government to include this age group in its health models since studies have shown that quite a number of people develop diabetes complications when at this age group. By including the age group in its health model, the government will help prevent or control cases of diabetes through educating on the importance of living lifestyles that are

Office for Budget Responsibility

Office for Budget Responsibility Office for Budget Responsibility The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) is an executive non-departmental public body of HM Treasury.[i] It was established in 2010 to provide independent and authoritative analysis on the sustainability of the UK’s public finance.[ii] The Office was placed on a statutory footing through the Budget Responsibility and National Audit Act 2011. This statutory right grants OBR full access to all Government information relevant to its analysis together with the Treasury’s macroeconomic, forecasting and analytical models.[iii] George Osborne’s intention was to restore public faith in official economic and fiscal forecasting when a run of persistently overoptimistic projections for public borrowing under previous governments has undermined the Treasury’s credibility.[iv] Contents: Structure Main Responsibilities Relationship with UK Government Criticism and Controversies Future of OBR Further Reading References Structure The Office consists of a Budget Responsibility Committee (BRC), an Oversight Board, an Advisory Panel of economic and fiscal experts, and 18 permanent civil servants. The BRC is chaired by Robert Chote and include Steve Nickell CBE and Graham Parker CBE. They carry out the core functions within the office and have full discretion over the scope and nature of its judgements on the forecasts. [v] OBR’s Oversight Board saw the inclusion of two non-executive members into office. They monitor and assess the effectiveness of OBR’s operational and governance arrangements.[vi] Main Responsibilities The 4 main tasks outlined in the Parliamentary Legislation: To publish at least two five-year fiscal and economic forecasts each year which includes the likely impact of any tax and spending measures announced by the Chancellor. (Economic and Fiscal Outlook) To assess whether the Government is on course to meeting the fiscal targets that it has set itself and the possible risks that may be involved. (Economic and Fiscal Outlook) To scrutinize and comment publicly on the Treasury’s costing of tax and welfare spending measures. (Forecast Evaluation Report) To analysis and report on the health of the public sector’s balance sheet and the long term sustainability of the public finances on existing policies[vii] (Fiscal Sustainability Report) It differs from other economic forecasters and agencies, because the OBR is more focused on using variables such as nominal GDP and its component in explaining public finances[viii] and it provides ex-ante projections rather than ex-post audits of expenditure. [ix] Relationship with UK Government A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) establishes a transparent framework for cooperation between the OBR and HM Treasury, the Department of Work and Pensions and HM Revenue and Customs.[x] It sets out the working relationship between each body based on three guiding principles of accountability and transparency, effective co-ordination and regular information exchange.[xi] This memorandum, however, does not constitute a legally binding agreement[xii]. The OBR is funded via Grant-in-Aid from HM Treasury’s supply estimate, which is subject to Parliamentary control. The OBR agreed a four year, flat cash funding allocation of  £1.75 million per year with the Treasury during the 2010 Spending Review.[xiii] Criticism and Controversies Despite the OBR’s stance of full transparency around its analysis and projections[xiv], some have questioned its credibility. When the OBR got embroiled in a complicated row about government employment forecasts, it raised doubts about just how independent it really was.[xv] The creation of the OBR was seen as a modest institutional change since control over fiscal policy remains firmly in the hands of the Chancellor.[xvi] The credibility of the OBR regarding it’s accuracy have also been under attack constantly. When the OBR admitted that its forecast on the economy’s size in 2015 was out by  £65billion[xvii], Treasury Select Committee member Jesse Norman commented on the â€Å"illusion of technocratic expertise† in the OBR and predictions often involve â€Å"a very high level of guesswork†.[xviii] Former Monetary Policy Committee member David Blanchflower have also criticized the OBR’s growth forecasts in the 2012 Budget submission, to be too â€Å"widely optimistic† and citing that the OBR have frequently needed to revise downwards from its initial forecast.[xix] The OBR’s assessment over the estimated policy impact has also, in some instances, undermined currently enacting policies such as those relating to immigration in UK.[xx] Future of OBR OBR has played an increasingly important role in assessing the Government’s performance in other areas. OBR is undertaking additional responsibilities related to the welfare gap, assessing and opining on government’s performance against the cap and whether the relevant spending is forecast to stay within the cap.[xxi] In December 2013, Current Shadow Chancellor Ed Balls announced his belief that OBR should play an important role, not just for the current government but for prospective governments.[xxii] He proposed the OBR to take up the role of assessing Labour’s tax and spend policies before the next General Election in 2015. [xxiii] The role of the OBR has increasingly been compared with similar independent fiscal institutions such as the US Congressional Budget Office (CBO).[xxiv] Colin Talbot, Chair of Public Policy and Management at University of Manchester, believes that by undertaking this additional role, it will potentially make financial debates during elections more factual based. [xxv] Andrew Tyrie, Chairman of the Treasury Select Committee, added that it will â€Å"enhance the quality of debate on tax and spend†.[xxvi] Former Number 10 Policy Unit special adviser Dan Corry, similarly, argues that getting the OBR to cost Labour’s policies ahead of the election wou ld be a step forward for UK democracy.[xxvii] But this will require a change in the governing Charter of Budget Responsibility. [xxviii] However, some people have denounced this proposal stating the fear that OBR may end up being abused and used as a political tool. Word Count: 879 (Excluding Further Readings and References) Further Readings List of other similar fiscal watchdogs: Swedish Fiscal Council Report 2013 The role of Australia’s Parliamentary Budget Office The World’s Oldest Fiscal Watchdog: Netherlands Bureau for Economic Analysis Case Studies of Fiscal Councils – Functions and Impact Other areas which has required OBR expertise 4G spectrum auction UK Swiss tax agreement Anti-avoidance measures References [i] https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/office-for-budget-responsibility. Retrieved 22 February [ii] Official Office for Budget Responsibility Website [iii] Memorandum of Understanding between Office for Budget Responsibility, HM Treasury, Department for Work and Pensions and HM Revenue Customs, April 2011 [iv] The new forecaster in chief, The Economist, 9 September 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2014 [v] Examination of the forecasts prepared by the interim Office for Budget Responsibility for the emergency Budget 2010, 22 June 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2014 [vi] Office for Budget Responsibility’s Annual report and accounts 2011-2012, 19 June 2012 [vii] Memorandum of Understanding, April 2011 [viii] Office for Budget Responsibility’s Economic and fiscal outlook, March 2012 [ix] Independent Fiscal Institutions: Developing Good Practices by George Kopits [x] Memorandum of Understanding, April 2011 [xi] Memorandum of Understanding, April 2011 [xii] Memorandum of Understanding, April 2011 [xiii] Letter from Robert Chote to Lord Myners â€Å"Re: Costs and staff arrangements at the Office for Budget Responsibility†, October 2011 [xiv] Office for Budget Responsibility’s Annual report and accounts 2011-2012, 19 June 2012 [xv] The new forecaster in chief, The Economist, 9 September 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2014 [xvi] â€Å"The new forecaster in chief†, The Economist, 9 September 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2014 [xvii] Wintour, Patrick (6 December 2011), â€Å"OBR attacked by MPs over economic forecasts†. Guardian (UK). Retrieved 22 February [xviii] Wintour, Patrick (6 December 2011), â€Å"OBR attacked by MPs over economic forecasts†. Guardian (UK). Retrieved 22 February [xix] Blanchflower, David (22 March 2012), â€Å"David Blanchflower: The OBR’s credibility is in tatters†. The Independent (UK). Retrieved 22 February [xx] Kirkup, James (14 January 2014), â€Å"Immigration has a positive impact, says Office for Budget Responsibility head†. The Daily Telegraph, Retrieved 22 February [xxi] Letter from George Osborne to Robert Chote, 3 December 2013 [xxii] Letter from Ed Balls to Robert Chote, 22 September 2013 [xxiii] Johnstone, Richard (23 September 2013), â€Å"Labour proposes OBR scrutiny of spending plans†, Public Finance, Retrieved 22 February [xxiv] Von Trapp, Lisa (7 June 2011), The Role of Independent Fiscal Institutions, Budgeting and Public Expenditures Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [xxv] Talbot, Colin (24 September 2013), â€Å"Balls, Budget and OBR-plus†, Public Finance, Retrieved 22 February [xxvi] Watt, Nicholas (15 October 2013), â€Å"Andrew Tyrie confirms support of Ed Balls’ plan for monitoring spending†, Guardian (UK). Retrieved 22 February [xxvii] Corry, Dan (26 September 2013), â€Å"OBR audit: don’t expect miracles†, Public Finance, Retrieved 22 February [xxviii] Letter from Robert to Ed Balls, 23rd September 2013

A Brief Summary of Russia’s History Essay

Russian history is filled with an immense amount of events. Many great and horrible rulers have also ruled over this piece of land. For example, Ivan the Terrible/Great was one of the first well-known and beloved tsars of Russia because he was the first to conquer the Mongolians in 1500. This feat earned him the rule and name as the great ruler of Russia. Over time, another great ruler such as Peter the Great would come. However in 1917, Lenin rose in the Russian revolution and ended the tsar’s rule. In 1922, the fall of the tsars led to the rise of a new government, the U.  S. S. R. Although it was meant to improve the economy, it did not do much and eventually felled in 1991. After many years of difficulty, they are currently on their way back to modernization with the election of President Vladimir Putin. Russia’s history consists of four parts and the longest and most eventful is its history of expansion. This time period lasted from the medieval ages all the way to 1917. However, Russians did not always have a rule on their land. Before the 1500s, the Mongols ruled a small piece of land that was known as Russia. The Mongolian soldiers were known quite fiercely for the battle skills and kept a tight hold on this land that they kept for manservants. This went on until the 1500s when the Grand Prince Ivan of Moscow (later known as Ivan the Terrible/Great) defeated and conquered the Mongols. Under his rule, Russia expanded immensely and even continued through his successors. Peter the Great also made a big impact despite his well-known and influential ancestor. Many things happened under his rule including expansion. Not only did he create a Navy (which did not exist in Russia at the time), he also moved the capital from Moscow all the way to St. Petersburg. He was also greatly known for his three goals that are to expand, Europeanize Russia, and for the czars to have absolute power. Throughout his lifetime, Peter the Great will make tremendous additions to Russia. After his death, there comes great czars and empresses who will expand even further like Empress Catherine the Great and Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. However, Nicholas the Second was the last tsar due to the rise of Lenin and the Russian Revolution.

Similarities And Differences Between Willy Loman And Death...

The Fences written by August Wilson and Death of a Salesman was written by Arthur Miller are two plays that can be considered different in terms of their plot. Both plays have two very different cultural backgrounds. The background affects each protagonist therefore differently. However, there are also similarities beyond the plot. Despite the different backgrounds of each protagonist or main characters, they are both trying to achieve their dreams. They both fail ironically in similar ways .Willy Loman in the death of a salesman and Troy Maxson are both hardworking men trying very hard to help their families . They strive very hard to be successful, yet they die in the end feeling they did not earn the respect they deserved. Willy†¦show more content†¦Troy really believes despite being recruited it will still get him nowhere, he is convinced that he will be eventually dropped, will be disappointed and does not want him to end up like him-. He had decided a long time ag o without his son’s knowledge that he will not be involved in any sports, he told his wife. The central theme of a father and son relationship is similar in both plays. William and Troy both have specific dreams for their sons. William wants his son Biff to be a football star he is interested in the money he can make instead of good grades. Troy on the other hand wants his son Cory to concentrate on his academics instead of pursuing his dream of being a football player. He is afraid Cory will not appreciate the ethics of hard work when money is thrown at him. He wants Cory to work at an AP store, Willy Loman starts on a mission of self destruction and looks for pleasure in the arms of another woman the affair is similar to that of Troy Maxson in the play Fences where his affair produces a child. Willy Loman, the man who believes in honesty now is trying very hard to keep his affair a secret, when his son Biff found out about the affair he lost all respect for his father Troy Maxson also had an affair which produces a child. Both Children loose complete respect for their fat hers In both play both wives Linda Loman and Rose Maxson express deep feelings of love towards their husbands, they both go through hardships with their husbandsShow MoreRelated Comparing the Tragedies of Hamlet, Oedipus the King, and Death of a Salesman1023 Words   |  5 Pagesof Hamlet, Oedipus the King, and Death of a Salesman The tragedies Hamlet, Oedipus the King, and Death of a Salesman have strikingly different plots and characters; however, each play shares common elements in its resolution. The events in the plays’ closings derive from a tragic flaw possessed by the protagonist in each play. The downfall of each protagonist is caused by his inability to effectively cope with his tragic flaw. The various similarities in the closing of each play includeRead MoreComparing Shakespeare s Oedipus The King And Death Of A Salesman 1738 Words   |  7 Pagesas a serious drama typically describing a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force, such as destiny, and having a sorrowful or disastrous conclusion that elicits pity or terror. Two such examples of literary tragedies are â€Å"Oedipus the King† by Sophocles and â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller. Although written over 2000 years apart, there are many similarities between the two literary works, but with varying degrees of differences as well. Some of the key areas to be examined whenRead MoreComparing The Death Of A Salesman And A Raisin The Sun1710 Words   |  7 Pagessupport your family is something that has always been tremendously significant in the American culture. The Death of a Salesman and A Raisin the Sun are two tales about this struggle. Both stories are about two American families that portray the common way of life around the 1940’s and the struggles that come with it. A Raisin in the Sun is about a black family living in Chicago, and Death of a Salesman is about a white family living in New York. Both families seem to have many problems that set the apartRead MoreComparing Oedipus Rex And Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1255 Words   |  6 Pagesstill use it today in Modern times. b. Today I will be comparing the two works such as Oedipus Rex, which is a playwright written by the great Sophocles and another playwright named Death Of A Salesman written by Arthur Miller. c. Through out the years, there has been a lot of controversy on whether or not Death Of A Salesman is considered to be a tragedy, unlike Oedipus Rex which clearly is. d. 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There are a lot of comparisons that exist, especially between the settings, symbolismRead MoreThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller1598 Words   |  7 Pagesidea of the American dream captures the hearts of so many, yet leaves almost all of them enslaved in the endless economic struggle to a chieve high status, wealth, and a house with a white picket fence. In Arthur Millers, Death of a Salesman, we see how difficult it is for Willy Loman and his sons to achieve this so called American dream. In Lorraine Hansberrys, A Raisin in the Sun, she examines an African-American familys struggle to break out of the poverty that is preventing them from achievingRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller Essay1049 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent works of literature. out of all the poems, stories, and plays, there are two works that stick out in my mind. These two works are Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath. Death of a Salesman is a play that takes place in the 1950s. The story is about a salesman named Willy Loman, and his family. At this point in his life, Willy is struggling to make ends meet. He is being underpaid to the point where he needs to ask his neighbor for money every week, he is strugglingRead MoreBetrayal in Death of a Sla esman and Stone Angel1075 Words   |  5 Pageslead to personal destruction. â€Å"Stone Angel† by Margaret Lawrence and â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller, are two works of literature that put that very statement into context. Although, the theme of betrayal is evident in both pieces, the protagonists of the different plots – Hagar Shipley and Willy Loman – experience betrayal in two very different fashions. Hagar Shipley is destroyed by her loss of independence and Willy Loman is forced into taking drastic and unnecessary actions. Acts of betrayalRead MoreAnalysis of Biff in Death of a Salesman Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesCamilla Tanzi Year 12 An analysis of the character of Biff. Biff Loman is portrayed as the root of Willy’s mental illness and instability. He is also the only member of his family who acknowledges his own failures in life. On the whole, Biff Loman stands out as the most intriguing and strong character in â€Å"Death of a Salesman. He is not a successful man and never will be, he is however able to admit this, even in a harsh society as the one of the 1960s America. Biff knows he is a â€Å"nothing† andRead More Pursuit of the American Dream in Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman1323 Words   |  6 PagesComparing the Pursuit of the American Dream by Jay Gatsby and Willy Loman (Essay outline also included in the word count.) People from all around the world have dreamed of coming to America and building a successful life for themselves. 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Crime And Its Effect On Society - 1982 Words

Individuals carry out wrongdoing since they see the advantages; Crimes that have been perpetrated are more often than not for individual additions or delight whether that is taking, false exercises, and assault. However fundamentally investigating Crime and its qualities, criminologist would concur that there s significantly more to wrongdoing. Everybody cherishes a decent deal. For a few individuals, nonetheless, the journey to secure more for less incorporates the desire to get something to no end, which at the amazing, transforms into burglary. Not everybody, be that as it may, takes since they require the products. A wrongdoing happens when somebody violates the law by a clear demonstration, exclusion or disregard that can bring†¦show more content†¦Explanations behind carrying out a wrongdoing incorporate eagerness, outrage, enviously, requital, or pride. A few individuals choose to carry out a wrongdoing and deliberately arrangement everything ahead of time to expand pick up and diminish hazard. These individuals are settling on decisions about their conduct; a few much consider an existence of wrongdoing superior to a general occupation trusting wrongdoing acquires more noteworthy prizes, deference, and energy at any rate until they are gotten. Others get an adrenaline surge when effectively doing a perilous wrongdoing. Others perpetrate wrongdoings on motivation, out of anger or dread. The yearning for material addition prompts property wrongdoings, for example, thefts, robberies, salaried violations, and auto burglaries. The yearning for control, requital, or force prompts fierce violations, for example, murders, attacks, and assaults. These vicious violations for the most part happen on motivation or the last minute when feelings run high. Property violations are generally arranged ahead of time. The motivation behind discipline is to debilitate a man from carrying out a wrongdoing. Discipline should make criminal conduct not so much appealing but rather more unsafe. Detainment and loss of wage is a noteworthy hardship to numerous individuals. Another method for affecting decision is to make wrongdoing more troublesome or to decrease